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The essay must be accompanied by a bibliography of books, articles and other sources which have been consulted by the student for writing the essay (the Bible need not be included). |
The bibliography should be entitled a “Bibliography of Sources Cited,” and any work not cited or engaged with in the body of the essay should not appear there. However, students may append a secondary list of “Other Works Consulted,” with discretion used to ensure that works listed there directly pertain to the topic of the essay.
The main differences between the presentation of an entry in a bibliography and a reference appearing in a note is that in the former the author’s surname is placed first, which facilitates the listing of the bibliography in alphabetical order. For other differences see the examples in
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Bibliographies should be listed alphabetically (see below), though it is customary to separate primary and secondary documents where relevant. Multiple works by a single author are listed alphabetically by title. There is no need to retype the author’s name; a five en line followed by a full stop will suffice.
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For example: Vanhoozer, Kevin J. First Theology: God, Scriptures and Hermeneutics. Leicester: Apollos, 2002. –––––. Is There a Meaning in this Text? The Bible, the Reader, and the Morality of Literary Knowledge. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998 |
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08.3.3 Arranging Bibliographies Alphabetically
The capitalization and alphabetization of entries in indexes and bibliographies can be very complicated, especially when compound and foreign names are involved. See the SBL Handbook, 73–76, 112–116. Three helpful hints are:
i. Surnames that include the particles de, van, van der or von are not listed under the particle unless the name belongs to an English speaker. Compare the following two alphabetical series:
De Boer, Willis Peter
Ploeg, J. P. M. van der
Van Seters, John
Rad, Gerhard von
Van Til, Cornelius
Selms, Adrianus van
Vaux, Roland de
ii. Note that Du, La and Le are always considered the first part of the surname:
Du Buit, F. M.
La Mésangère, Pierre de
Le Déaut, R.
iii. Most Spanish authors and some English-speaking authors have double surnames:
Alonso Schökel, Luis
Díez Macho, Alejandro
Lane Fox, Robin
08.3.4 The Key Elements of a Reference
The sequence of information in a reference is as follows. Most references will only include some of this information. There must be enough to enable the reader to find the exact source quickly in a library.
◊ Author or (if no author) editor; ◊ title of chapter or article; ◊ title of book or journal; ◊ editor and/or translator; ◊ edition (if not the 1st); ◊ no. of volumes; ◊ series title and number; ◊ city; ◊ publisher; ◊ date; ◊ electronic source information; ◊ full stop.
i. Author or Editor
Full names rather than initials should be used if possible; a space should be left between initials; ancient works may be listed under the name of either the ancient author or the modern editor, with the same practice adopted for all ancient works cited.
ii. Title
Regardless of the way it is printed in the source, a colon should precede every subtitle unless the title ends with a question or exclamation mark. Titles and subtitles in English should be fully capitalized (i.e. all words except articles, coordinating conjunctions, and prepositions).
For the capitalization of titles in foreign languages, see the SBL Handbook, 73–76.
Primary sources should be cited, parenthetically, inside the final punctuation, except in the case of a block quotation (§8.2.1). If the translation is important, insert it following the reference. For example:
From Luke’s point of view, “the kingdom of God is among you” (Luke 17:21 NRSV).
iii. Series Title
Series titles are capitalised but not italicised. In units with a CT prefix, e.g. Doctrine, Ethics, Church History, it is not customary for series titles to be included in references. If there is a series title, it should be omitted.
iv. Publisher
The publisher’s name should be abbreviated—unless ambiguity or awkwardness would result—by the omission of Press, Publishing Company, and the like, and by the use of an ampersand instead of and (e.g., T. & T. Clark). Hence: Hendrickson (not, Hendrickson Publishers); Cerf (not, Editions du Cerf); Eerdmans (not, William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company). Exceptions: Oxford University Press (and other university presses); Scholars Press; Free Press; JSOT Press. See the SBL Handbook, 76–82.
v. Place and Date of Publication
List only the first place when several are mentioned, even if the second is linked to a second publisher. If the place is not well known, add a reference to the state or country. The decision you make will depend on the readership. Thus, “Homebush Bay, N.S.W.” would suffice for local readers; “Chico, CA” would be necessary for most readerships. (For abbreviations of the states of the U.S.A. use the two-letter postal abbreviations as given in the SBL Handbook, 118).
Where the place of publication cannot be found, the abbreviation “n.p.” (no place) is used. Where the date of publication is unknown, use “n.d.” (no date), or else estimate the century or decade, e.g. “18--?” or “196-?” Where there are no page numbers, also use “n.p.” (no pages).
vi. Volume and Page Numbers
All numerals should be Arabic, with volume and page numbers separated by a colon (e.g., 1:96–97). Do not use f. and ff., but give actual page ranges. Examples of such ranges—separated by an en dash—can be found in §8.2.4 above.
NOTE: because pages numbers in electronic books are not stable, you should always quote from a paper copy where one is available.
vii. Electronic source information
Information about the electronic format cited (PDF e-book; Kindle edition, etc.) always goes at the end of a reference. For online publications a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is preferable to a URL. There is no need to provide an access date, and URLs must never be hyphenated. Divide them at a dot or slash if necessary.
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